# HashMap 源码 JDK8
# 概述
HashMap
实现了AbstractMap
Map
Cloneable
Serializable
接口、抽象类。HashMap
JDK8中,采用Entry的数组+链表+红黑树实现。称之为哈希桶。使用链表处理冲突,同一hash值,存储在一个链表里。当链表长度超过阈值(8),将链表转换为红黑树。HashMap
通过 key 的 hashCode经过扰动函数处理过后得到hash值。然后通过(n-1) & hash
判断当前元素存放的位置(n 指的是数组长度)。如果当前位置存在 元素的话,判断此元素 hash 值以及 key 是否相同,相同的话直接覆盖,不相同通过拉链法解决冲突。
TIP
拉链法
又叫链地址法,Java中的HashMap在存储数据的时候就是用的拉链法来实现的,拉链发就是把具有相同散列地址的关键字(同义词)值放在同一个单链表中,称为同义词链表。扰动函数
指的就是 HashMap 的 hash 方法。使用 hash 方法也就是扰动函数是为了防止一些实现比较差的 hashCode() 方法 换句话说使用扰动函数之后可以减少碰撞。
# 变量
//默认容量
static final int DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY = 1 << 4; // aka 16
//最大容量2的30次方
static final int MAXIMUM_CAPACITY = 1 << 30;
//默认负载因子
static final float DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR = 0.75f;
//当桶(bucket)上的结点数大于这个值时会转成红黑树
static final int TREEIFY_THRESHOLD = 8;
// 当桶(bucket)上的结点数小于这个值时树转链表
static final int UNTREEIFY_THRESHOLD = 6;
// 桶中结构转化为红黑树对应的table的最小大小
static final int MIN_TREEIFY_CAPACITY = 64;
//哈希桶,存放链表。 长度是2的N次方,或者初始化时为0.
transient Node<K,V>[] table;
// 存放具体元素的集
transient Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> entrySet;
// 存放元素的个数,注意这个不等于数组的长度。
transient int size;
//计数器
transient int modCount;
//哈希表内元素数量的阈值,当哈希表内元素数量超过阈值时,会发生扩容resize()
int threshold;
//加载因子,用于计算哈希表元素数量的阈值。 threshold = 哈希桶.length * loadFactor;
final float loadFactor;
TIP
loadFactor 加载因子
控制数组存放数据的疏密程度,loadFactor越趋近于1,那么 数组中存放的数据(entry)也就越多,也就越密,也就是会让链表的长度增加,load Factor越小,也就是趋近于0threshold 阈值
threshold = capacity * loadFactor,当size >= threshold的时候,那么就要考虑对数组的扩增了,也就是说,这个的意思就是 衡量数组是否需要扩增的一个标准。
# Node 结构
//Map.Entry为Map接口的一个内部接口。它表示Map中的一个实体<K,V>对
static class Node<K,V> implements Map.Entry<K,V> {
final int hash;
final K key;
V value;
Node<K,V> next;
Node(int hash, K key, V value, Node<K,V> next) {
this.hash = hash;
this.key = key;
this.value = value;
this.next = next;
}
public final K getKey() { return key; }
public final V getValue() { return value; }
public final String toString() { return key + "=" + value; }
//每一个节点的hash值,是将key的hashCode 和 value的hashCode 异或运算得到的。
public final int hashCode() {
return Objects.hashCode(key) ^ Objects.hashCode(value);
}
public final V setValue(V newValue) {
V oldValue = value;
value = newValue;
return oldValue;
}
public final boolean equals(Object o) {
if (o == this)
return true;
if (o instanceof Map.Entry) {
Map.Entry<?,?> e = (Map.Entry<?,?>)o;
if (Objects.equals(key, e.getKey()) &&
Objects.equals(value, e.getValue()))
return true;
}
return false;
}
}
TIP
- Node结构包含4个参数,key、hash都是final修饰,next为下一个节点
- 从Node结构看出是一个单向链表.
# TreeNode 结构
static final class TreeNode<K,V> extends LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V> {
TreeNode<K,V> parent; // 父
TreeNode<K,V> left; // 左
TreeNode<K,V> right; // 右
TreeNode<K,V> prev; // needed to unlink next upon deletion
boolean red; // 判断颜色
TreeNode(int hash, K key, V val, Node<K,V> next) {
super(hash, key, val, next);
}
// 返回根节点
final TreeNode<K,V> root() {
for (TreeNode<K,V> r = this, p;;) {
if ((p = r.parent) == null)
return r;
r = p;
}
# 构造器
public HashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) {
if (initialCapacity < 0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal initial capacity: " +
initialCapacity);
if (initialCapacity > MAXIMUM_CAPACITY)
initialCapacity = MAXIMUM_CAPACITY;
if (loadFactor <= 0 || Float.isNaN(loadFactor))
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal load factor: " +
loadFactor);
this.loadFactor = loadFactor;
//设置阈值为 >=初始化容量的 2的n次方的值
this.threshold = tableSizeFor(initialCapacity);
}
public HashMap(int initialCapacity) {
this(initialCapacity, DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR);
}
public HashMap() {
this.loadFactor = DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR; // all other fields defaulted
}
public HashMap(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m) {
this.loadFactor = DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR;
//入参map加入表中
putMapEntries(m, false);
}
- 构造器用到的方法
static final int tableSizeFor(int cap) {
int n = cap - 1;
n |= n >>> 1;
n |= n >>> 2;
n |= n >>> 4;
n |= n >>> 8;
n |= n >>> 16;
return (n < 0) ? 1 : (n >= MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) ? MAXIMUM_CAPACITY : n + 1;
}
final void putMapEntries(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m, boolean evict) {
int s = m.size();
if (s > 0) {
// 判断table是否已经初始化
if (table == null) {
// 未初始化,s为m的实际元素个数
float ft = ((float)s / loadFactor) + 1.0F;
int t = ((ft < (float)MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) ?
(int)ft : MAXIMUM_CAPACITY);
// 计算得到的t大于阈值,则初始化阈值
if (t > threshold)
threshold = tableSizeFor(t);
}
// 已初始化,并且m元素个数大于阈值,进行扩容处理
else if (s > threshold)
resize();
// 将m中的所有元素添加至HashMap中
for (Map.Entry<? extends K, ? extends V> e : m.entrySet()) {
K key = e.getKey();
V value = e.getValue();
putVal(hash(key), key, value, false, evict);
}
}
}
# API
增
- put(K key, V value)
public V put(K key, V value) { return putVal(hash(key), key, value, false, true); } // putVal final V putVal(int hash, K key, V value, boolean onlyIfAbsent, boolean evict) { Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> p; int n, i; if ((tab = table) == null || (n = tab.length) == 0) n = (tab = resize()).length; if ((p = tab[i = (n - 1) & hash]) == null) tab[i] = newNode(hash, key, value, null); else { Node<K,V> e; K k; if (p.hash == hash && ((k = p.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k)))) e = p; else if (p instanceof TreeNode) e = ((TreeNode<K,V>)p).putTreeVal(this, tab, hash, key, value); else { for (int binCount = 0; ; ++binCount) { if ((e = p.next) == null) { p.next = newNode(hash, key, value, null); if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD - 1) // -1 for 1st treeifyBin(tab, hash); break; } if (e.hash == hash && ((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k)))) break; p = e; } } if (e != null) { // existing mapping for key V oldValue = e.value; if (!onlyIfAbsent || oldValue == null) e.value = value; afterNodeAccess(e); return oldValue; } } ++modCount; if (++size > threshold) resize(); afterNodeInsertion(evict); return null; }
- putAll(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m)
public void putAll(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m) { putMapEntries(m, true); }
删
- remove(Object key)
public V remove(Object key) { Node<K,V> e; return (e = removeNode(hash(key), key, null, false, true)) == null ? null : e.value; } //removeNode final Node<K,V> removeNode(int hash, Object key, Object value, boolean matchValue, boolean movable) { Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> p; int n, index; if ((tab = table) != null && (n = tab.length) > 0 && (p = tab[index = (n - 1) & hash]) != null) { Node<K,V> node = null, e; K k; V v; if (p.hash == hash && ((k = p.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k)))) node = p; else if ((e = p.next) != null) { if (p instanceof TreeNode) node = ((TreeNode<K,V>)p).getTreeNode(hash, key); else { do { if (e.hash == hash && ((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k)))) { node = e; break; } p = e; } while ((e = e.next) != null); } } if (node != null && (!matchValue || (v = node.value) == value || (value != null && value.equals(v)))) { if (node instanceof TreeNode) ((TreeNode<K,V>)node).removeTreeNode(this, tab, movable); else if (node == p) tab[index] = node.next; else p.next = node.next; ++modCount; --size; afterNodeRemoval(node); return node; } } return null; }
- remove(Object key, Object value)
public boolean remove(Object key, Object value) { return removeNode(hash(key), key, value, true, true) != null; }
- clear()
public void clear() { Node<K,V>[] tab; modCount++; if ((tab = table) != null && size > 0) { size = 0; for (int i = 0; i < tab.length; ++i) tab[i] = null; } }
改
- replace(K key, V oldValue, V newValue)
public boolean replace(K key, V oldValue, V newValue) { Node<K,V> e; V v; if ((e = getNode(hash(key), key)) != null && ((v = e.value) == oldValue || (v != null && v.equals(oldValue)))) { e.value = newValue; afterNodeAccess(e); return true; } return false; }
- replace(K key, V value)
public V replace(K key, V value) { Node<K,V> e; if ((e = getNode(hash(key), key)) != null) { V oldValue = e.value; e.value = value; afterNodeAccess(e); return oldValue; } return null; }
查
- get(Object key)
public V get(Object key) { Node<K,V> e; return (e = getNode(hash(key), key)) == null ? null : e.value; }